WCAG 2.2 Fix Guides

WCAG 2.2 has dozens of success criteria. These guides break each one down into what it means, why it matters, and exactly how to fix it — with real code examples.

Perceivable

1.1.1 A

Non-text Content

WCAG 1.1.1 requires that all non-text content presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent pu...
1.3.1 A

Info and Relationships

WCAG 1.3.1 requires that information, structure, and relationships conveyed through visual presentation are also availab...
1.4.3 AA

Contrast (Minimum)

WCAG 1.4.3 requires that text and images of text have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 against their background, with ...
1.4.11 AA

Non-text Contrast

WCAG 1.4.11 requires that user interface components and graphical objects essential to understanding the content have a ...
1.2.1 A

Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.1 requires that prerecorded audio-only content has a text transcript and prerecorded video-only content has eit...
1.2.2 A

Captions (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.2 requires that captions are provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media. Synchronized med...
1.2.3 A

Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.3 requires that prerecorded synchronized media (video with audio) provides either an audio description of the v...
1.3.2 A

Meaningful Sequence

WCAG 1.3.2 requires that when the order in which content is presented affects its meaning, a correct reading sequence ca...
1.3.3 A

Sensory Characteristics

WCAG 1.3.3 requires that instructions for understanding and operating content do not rely solely on sensory characterist...
1.4.1 A

Use of Color

WCAG 1.4.1 requires that color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, prom...
1.4.2 A

Audio Control

WCAG 1.4.2 requires that if any audio on a web page plays automatically for more than 3 seconds, either a mechanism is a...
1.2.4 AA

Captions (Live)

WCAG 1.2.4 requires that captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media. This applies to live br...
1.2.5 AA

Audio Description (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.5 requires that audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media. Audio de...
1.3.4 AA

Orientation

WCAG 1.3.4 requires that content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portr...
1.3.5 AA

Identify Input Purpose

WCAG 1.3.5 requires that the purpose of each input field collecting information about the user can be programmatically d...
1.4.4 AA

Resize Text

WCAG 1.4.4 requires that text can be resized without assistive technology up to 200 percent without loss of content or f...
1.4.5 AA

Images of Text

WCAG 1.4.5 requires that if the technologies being used can achieve the visual presentation, text is used to convey info...
1.4.10 AA

Reflow

WCAG 1.4.10 requires that content can be presented without loss of information or functionality, and without requiring s...
1.4.12 AA

Text Spacing

WCAG 1.4.12 requires that no loss of content or functionality occurs when users override the following text style proper...
1.4.13 AA

Content on Hover or Focus

WCAG 1.4.13 requires that when additional content appears and disappears in response to pointer hover or keyboard focus,...
1.4.6 AAA

Contrast (Enhanced)

WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced) is a Level AAA criterion that requires a contrast ratio of at least 7:1 for normal text a...
1.3.6 AAA

Identify Purpose

WCAG 1.3.6 requires that the purpose of user interface components, icons, and regions can be programmatically determined...
1.4.8 AAA

Visual Presentation

WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation is a AAA-level criterion that establishes specific requirements for how blocks of text ar...
1.4.9 AAA

Images of Text (No Exception)

WCAG 1.4.9 is the AAA-level extension of criterion 1.4.5 (Images of Text). While 1.4.5 allows images of text when they a...
1.4.7 AAA

Low or No Background Audio

WCAG 1.4.7 requires that for prerecorded audio-only content that contains primarily speech in the foreground, background...
1.2.6 AAA

Sign Language (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.6 requires that sign language interpretation is provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized medi...
1.2.7 AAA

Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.7 requires that where pauses in foreground audio are insufficient to allow standard audio descriptions to conve...
1.2.8 AAA

Media Alternative (Prerecorded)

WCAG 1.2.8 requires that a full text alternative is provided for all prerecorded synchronized media (video with audio). ...
1.2.9 AAA

Audio-only (Live)

WCAG 1.2.9 Audio-only (Live) is a Level AAA success criterion that requires an alternative for time-based media to be pr...

Operable

2.1.1 A

Keyboard

WCAG 2.1.1 requires that all functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring spe...
2.4.4 A

Link Purpose (In Context)

WCAG 2.4.4 requires that the purpose of each link can be determined from the link text alone, or from the link text toge...
2.4.6 AA

Headings and Labels

WCAG 2.4.6 requires that headings and labels describe the topic or purpose of the content they introduce. This does not ...
2.5.3 A

Label in Name

WCAG 2.5.3 requires that for user interface components with visible text labels, the accessible name contains the visibl...
2.1.2 A

No Keyboard Trap

WCAG 2.1.2 requires that if keyboard focus can be moved to a component of the page using a keyboard interface, then focu...
2.1.4 A

Character Key Shortcuts

WCAG 2.1.4 requires that if a keyboard shortcut is implemented using only a single character key (letter, number, punctu...
2.2.1 A

Timing Adjustable

WCAG 2.2.1 requires that for each time limit set by the content, the user can turn off the time limit before encounterin...
2.2.2 A

Pause, Stop, Hide

WCAG 2.2.2 requires that for any moving, blinking, or scrolling information that starts automatically, lasts more than f...
2.3.1 A

Three Flashes or Below Threshold

WCAG 2.3.1 requires that web pages do not contain anything that flashes more than three times in any one-second period, ...
2.4.1 A

Bypass Blocks

WCAG 2.4.1 requires that a mechanism is available to bypass blocks of content that are repeated on multiple web pages. T...
2.4.2 A

Page Titled

WCAG 2.4.2 requires that web pages have titles that describe their topic or purpose. The page title is the text in the H...
2.4.3 A

Focus Order

WCAG 2.4.3 requires that if a web page can be navigated sequentially and the navigation sequences affect meaning or oper...
2.5.1 A

Pointer Gestures

WCAG 2.5.1 requires that all functionality that uses multipoint or path-based gestures for operation can be operated wit...
2.5.2 A

Pointer Cancellation

WCAG 2.5.2 requires that for functionality triggered by single pointer input, at least one of the following is true: the...
2.5.4 A

Motion Actuation

WCAG 2.5.4 requires that functionality that can be operated by device motion or user motion can also be operated by user...
2.4.5 AA

Multiple Ways

WCAG 2.4.5 requires that more than one way is available to locate a web page within a set of web pages, except where the...
2.4.7 AA

Focus Visible

WCAG 2.4.7 requires that any keyboard operable user interface has a mode of operation where the keyboard focus indicator...
2.4.11 AA

Focus Not Obscured (Minimum)

WCAG 2.4.11 Focus Not Obscured (Minimum) is a new criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2. It requires that when a user interfa...
2.5.7 AA

Dragging Movements

WCAG 2.5.7 Dragging Movements is a new criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2. It requires that all functionality that uses a ...
2.5.8 AA

Target Size (Minimum)

WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) is a new criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2 at Level AA. It requires that the size of the...
2.4.10 AAA

Section Headings

WCAG 2.4.10 Section Headings is a Level AAA criterion that requires section headings to be used to organize content. Whi...
2.4.9 AAA

Link Purpose (Link Only)

WCAG 2.4.9 requires that the purpose of each link can be determined from the link text alone, without needing any surrou...
2.4.12 AA

Focus Not Obscured (Minimum)

WCAG 2.4.12 Focus Not Obscured (Minimum) is a new success criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2 that requires focused user in...
2.4.13 AAA

Focus Appearance

WCAG 2.4.13 Focus Appearance is a new AAA-level criterion in WCAG 2.2 that sets specific requirements for the size and c...
2.2.3 AAA

No Timing

WCAG 2.2.3 requires that timing is not an essential part of the event or activity presented by the content, except for n...
2.3.3 AAA

Animation from Interactions

WCAG 2.3.3 requires that motion animation triggered by user interaction can be disabled, unless the animation is essenti...
2.2.6 AAA

Timeouts

WCAG 2.2.6 requires that users are warned about the duration of any user inactivity that could cause data loss, unless t...
2.2.4 AAA

Interruptions

WCAG 2.2.4 requires that interruptions can be postponed or suppressed by the user, except in emergencies. Interruptions ...
2.5.5 AAA

Target Size (Enhanced)

WCAG 2.5.5 requires that the size of the target for pointer inputs is at least 44 by 44 CSS pixels, with certain excepti...
2.1.3 AAA

Keyboard (No Exception)

WCAG 2.1.3 requires that all functionality of the content is operable through a keyboard interface without requiring spe...
2.5.6 AAA

Concurrent Input Mechanisms

WCAG 2.5.6 Concurrent Input Mechanisms requires that web content does not restrict the use of input modalities available...
2.3.2 AAA

Three Flashes

WCAG 2.3.2 Three Flashes is the AAA-level enhancement of criterion 2.3.1 (Three Flashes or Below Threshold, Level A). Wh...
2.2.5 AAA

Re-authenticating

WCAG 2.2.5 requires that when an authenticated session expires, the user can continue the activity without loss of data ...
2.4.8 AAA

Location

WCAG 2.4.8 Location is a Level AAA success criterion that requires information about the user's location within a set of...

Understandable

3.3.2 A

Labels or Instructions

WCAG 3.3.2 requires that labels or instructions are provided when content requires user input. Every form control that e...
3.1.1 A

Language of Page

WCAG 3.1.1 requires that the default human language of each web page can be programmatically determined. This is achieve...
3.2.1 A

On Focus

WCAG 3.2.1 requires that when any user interface component receives focus, it does not initiate a change of context. A c...
3.2.2 A

On Input

WCAG 3.2.2 requires that changing the setting of any user interface component does not automatically cause a change of c...
3.3.1 A

Error Identification

WCAG 3.3.1 requires that if an input error is automatically detected, the item that is in error is identified and the er...
3.1.2 AA

Language of Parts

WCAG 3.1.2 requires that the human language of each passage or phrase in the content can be programmatically determined,...
3.2.3 AA

Consistent Navigation

WCAG 3.2.3 requires that navigational mechanisms that are repeated on multiple web pages within a set of web pages occur...
3.2.4 AA

Consistent Identification

WCAG 3.2.4 requires that components that have the same functionality within a set of web pages are identified consistent...
3.2.6 AA

Consistent Help

WCAG 3.2.6 Consistent Help is a new criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2 at Level AA. It requires that if a website provides...
3.3.3 AA

Error Suggestion

WCAG 3.3.3 requires that if an input error is automatically detected and suggestions for correction are known, then the ...
3.3.4 AA

Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)

WCAG 3.3.4 requires that for web pages that cause legal commitments or financial transactions for the user, that modify ...
3.3.7 AA

Redundant Entry

WCAG 3.3.7 Redundant Entry is a new criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2 at Level AA. It requires that information previousl...
3.3.8 AA

Accessible Authentication (Minimum)

WCAG 3.3.8 Accessible Authentication (Minimum) is a new criterion introduced in WCAG 2.2 at Level AA. It requires that a...
3.3.6 AAA

Error Prevention (All)

WCAG 3.3.6 extends the Level AA criterion 3.3.4 (Error Prevention for legal, financial, and data submissions) to cover a...
3.1.3 AAA

Unusual Words

WCAG 3.1.3 requires a mechanism for identifying specific definitions of words or phrases used in an unusual or restricte...
3.3.5 AAA

Help

WCAG 3.3.5 requires that context-sensitive help is available for form inputs and interactive elements when labels alone ...
3.2.5 AAA

Change on Request

WCAG 3.2.5 requires that changes of context are initiated only by user request, or that a mechanism is available to turn...
3.1.5 AAA

Reading Level

WCAG 3.1.5 requires that when text requires a reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary education level (ap...
3.3.9 AAA

Accessible Authentication (Enhanced)

WCAG 3.3.9 Accessible Authentication (Enhanced) is the AAA-level counterpart to criterion 3.3.8 (Accessible Authenticati...
3.1.4 AAA

Abbreviations

WCAG 3.1.4 requires that a mechanism is available for identifying the expanded form or meaning of abbreviations. Abbrevi...
3.1.6 AAA

Pronunciation

WCAG 3.1.6 Pronunciation is a Level AAA success criterion that requires a mechanism to be available for identifying spec...

Robust

4.1.2 A

Name, Role, Value

WCAG 4.1.2 requires that for all user interface components, the name and role can be programmatically determined, states...
4.1.3 AA

Status Messages

WCAG 4.1.3 requires that status messages can be programmatically determined through role or properties so that they can ...